Who is known for rejecting supernatural explanations for illness?

The individual recognized for rejecting supernatural explanations for illness is Hippocrates. His contributions to medicine during the classical period marked a significant shift towards a rational understanding of health and disease. He is often referred to as the "Father of Medicine" and emphasized the importance of observing patients and documenting their symptoms and treatments.

Hippocrates advocated for the idea that diseases had natural causes, rather than being attributed to the wrath of gods or supernatural forces. This perspective laid the groundwork for a more scientific approach to medicine. He introduced the concept of the four humors—blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile—which he believed needed to be balanced for good health. This theory influenced medical practice for centuries and helped establish a more systematic way to treat illnesses based on empirical observation.

The other individuals listed in the question were known for different contributions or perspectives. While Socrates engaged in philosophical discussions about morality and ethics, Thales is recognized more for his contributions to mathematics and natural philosophy rather than medicine, and Moses is primarily associated with religious leadership rather than medical theory.