Which of the following seeks to discover what is valuable and important in knowledge?

The correct choice highlights philosophy as the discipline that seeks to uncover what is valuable and important in knowledge. Philosophy delves into fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. It examines the nature of truth, the criteria for knowledge, and what constitutes a good life, emphasizing the importance of critical thinking and the analysis of concepts. Philosophical inquiry invites reflection on ethical values and beliefs, encouraging a deeper understanding of what is deemed valuable in human experience and understanding.

In contrast, while science systematically studies the natural world through observation and experimentation, it primarily focuses on factual knowledge rather than subjective values associated with knowledge. Psychology, on the other hand, is centered on the study of mind and behavior, often prioritizing empirical research about human actions and mental processes instead of the philosophical inquiry into what constitutes the value of knowledge. Economics, although it does examine the allocation of resources and decision-making, is primarily concerned with behavior related to scarcity and human welfare rather than the foundational significance and value of knowledge itself. Therefore, philosophy distinctly captures the essence of questioning and understanding the value of knowledge.