What type of needs does Watson classify as 'lower-order psychophysical needs'?

Jean Watson, known for her theory of human caring, classifies 'lower-order psychophysical needs' as basic physical requirements necessary for survival. These needs include fundamental necessities such as food, water, shelter, and safety, which are essential for maintaining life. In the context of nursing practice, understanding these basic needs is crucial because they must be met before a patient can focus on higher-order needs related to wellness and personal development.

In Watson's caring theory, meeting lower-order needs is foundational for effective patient care. When nurses address these basic needs, they establish a stable environment that enables patients to engage in coping mechanisms, seek social interactions, and pursue higher-level psychological and self-actualization needs.

The other types of needs mentioned, such as social interactions, creative needs, and psychological support, pertain to higher-order needs that become relevant only after lower-order needs are sufficiently addressed. Therefore, recognizing and fulfilling lower-order psychophysical needs is vital for a holistic approach in nursing practice and effective patient outcomes.