What ancient practice involved creating an opening in the skull as a medical procedure?

Trepanation is the ancient medical practice that involved creating an opening in the skull, typically by drilling or scraping. This procedure was performed for various reasons, such as to relieve pressure from skull fractures, treat headaches, or possibly to release evil spirits thought to be causing mental illness. Archaeological evidence suggests that trepanation dates back thousands of years and was practiced in numerous cultures around the world, indicating its significance in early medical practices. The technique demonstrates an early understanding of cranial anatomy and an attempt to address health issues that affect the brain, showcasing the historical evolution of medical interventions.