Which ancient civilization is associated with the establishment of asepsis as a practice?

The correct choice highlights the significant contributions made by ancient India to the concept of asepsis, specifically through its advanced medical practices. Ancient Indian physicians were known for their understanding of hygiene and sanitation, which laid the groundwork for modern aseptic techniques. Texts like the Sushruta Samhita, attributed to the ancient physician Sushruta, contain detailed descriptions of surgical procedures and emphasize the importance of cleanliness during operations to prevent infection.

The principles established in these ancient medical texts have influenced contemporary practices in surgery and infection control. India's focus on sanitation and its methods for sterilizing instruments demonstrate an early acknowledgment of what we now recognize as aseptic technique, making it a notable civilization in this context.

In contrast, while other ancient civilizations also contributed valuable medical knowledge, their emphasis on surgical cleanliness and aseptic practices did not parallel the systematic approaches seen in ancient Indian medicine.